Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb
The honorable, All my
friends whom i love. Good morning. First of all, lets pray and thanks into our
god ALLAH SWT who has been giving us some mercies and blessings so we can
attend and gather in this place in good condition and happy situation. thank
you for having me here in this fine and joyfull morning. I hope we are all in
the good health.
Standing in front of you
all, i would like to deliver my speech under the tittle “Plagiarism in
Scientific Research ”. The present review aims to provide a thorough account of
plagiarism to build awareness about all dimensions of plagiarism.
Plagiarism is presenting
someone else’s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by
incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement. Plagiarism may be
intentional or reckless, or unintentional. Under the regulations for
examinations, intentional or reckless plagiarism is a disciplinary
offence, plagiarism is defined as “deliberate or reckless representation
of another’s words, thoughts, or ideas as one’s own without attribution in
connection with submission of academic work, whether graded or otherwise”
Why scientific misconduct
occurs? The reasons are: 1. Human nature (Desire for status, power and fame
without ability to do research in a proper way). 2. Hectic competition, undue
pressure for better reults and lack of proper supervision at work place. Eg. Publish
or perish culture.
Plagiarism can occur in
different ways. The first i want to tell you is Plagiarism of ideas: Inclusion
of others ideas, methods or results without giving credit to them. Second, Plagiarism
of text: The material of others is copied and included in one’s work without
any acknowledgement or citatation. a) Failure to cite the source: Text or any
material of others included without citing the source in a proper manner. b)
Paraphragiarism: Incorporating the text of others with only minor changes or
others text is added without acknowledging the source. c) Verbatim copying:
Failure to use quotation marks when exact words of others are written even with
citation of its origin. d)Inappropriate paraphrasing: The texts of others are
used with minor changes with the same words or structure even if their origin
is cited. e) Copyright infringement: Exact copying of others words amounts to
violating the copyright.
Besides plagiarism occurs
in various ways, there is a Self Plagiarism a) Duplicate publication:
Publication of same papers with similar content that were already published. b)
Salami publications: Publishing several papers out of results of a single
study. But the issue of number of articles that can be generated from a single
research project is still unsettled. c) Text recycling: Publishing the same
work in different journals/languages.
How to avoid plagiarism? 1. Any data that have already been published
by other researchers should be cited as a reference and all sources of
information used in preparing the document should be acknowledged in an
approved format. 2. Provide footnotes and use quotation marks wherever
necessary 3.
The
written permission from the authors should be obtained before including the
photgraphs or tables published by them. Submission of same paper to different
journals, no proper documentation, failure to report adverse events, disclosing
research results through press/lay media should be avoided. In some cases,
author’s own thoughts and ideas may look similar to the data already published
by others. This type of accidental plagiarism can be avoided if author uses his
own words rather than borrowing them from others work. In 1992, the office of
research integrity (ORI) was established by the US Federal Government to
prevent scientific misconduct and to encourage integrity and responsible
research work. In many countries, strict vigil is kept against committing
plagiarism. The authors have to declare that their work is original and honest.
If plagiarism is detected, the authors will be penalized, blacklisted and legal
action is initiated.
In
several country, no such system exists and there were instances of plagiarism
of dissertation work submitted by the postgraduate degree students. For a
postgraduate, dissertation work is the first step in acquiring academic skills.
Unfortunately, plagiarism in dissertation work (Including identical content or
with minor changes of previously submitted dissertations in other
colleges/universities/countries as their own work) is difficult to detect if
the guide himself does not have any research experience.
In Indonesia, The one
possibility of attributable to the uniformity of research organization is that,
in Indonesia, lecturers tend to ask the students to write scientific research
with standardized form of scientific research The second possibility is that
critical analysis has not been widely champaigned as a norm in the university
life. What the students do might be only
trying to find resources as many as possible without any attempt to
criticize previous researchers. The
third potential cause of plagiarism in Indonesia is that the students are not
encouraged to write from the early level of
education. The fourth possible cause of plagiarism is the spread of
emphasis on the result rather than on the process.
In India, most of the medical colleges do not
give any value or recognition to those doing research and publishing scientific
articles; clinical work and teaching are enough to get promoted to higher
position. But in many medical institutes of western countries, teaching faculty
will be appointed with higher salary and promoted only if they have written
books and scientific papers in indexed journals. After medical council of India
(MCI) made it mandatory that the medical faculty should be promoted to higher
level only if they possess certain number of scientific publications, there is
lot of uneasiness among those teaching faculty who expected promotion after
specified years of working in a medical college. Already middlemen have
surfaced in this area to help those who cannot do research promising them
publications in their name in certain national medical journals. Unless the
university or the government authorities recognize the urgent need to root out
the evil of plagiarism and act tough, even the honest research work done here
will not get recognition it deserves in other countries.
Plagiarism Sanctions (Law
No. 20/2003)PT graduates whose scientific works are used to obtain academic,
professional, or vocational degrees are proven to be plagiarized:Revocation of
title (Article 25 paragraph 2).imprisoned for a maximum of two years and / or
imprisonment of a maximum of 200 million rupiah
That’s all my speech, may
what i have delivered be usefull in our life in this world and here after. If
you found many mistakes in my speech please forgive me.
The last i say Wassalamua’alaikum Wr. Wb.
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